Antimicrobial and coagulation potential of Moringa oleifera seed powder coupled with sand filtration for treatment of bath wastewater from public senior high schools in Ghana
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Heliyon
Abstract
The use of natural plant extracts for treatment of water in some parts of the world has been recorded throughout
human history. An example is the use of Moringa oleifera in water purification due to its coagulation properties.
However, the efficiency of the treatment systems largely depends on the design of the system and its operation.
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Moringa oleifera seed powder coupled with sand filtration
in treating greywater from public senior high schools in the Bolgatanga Municipality and Kasena Nankana West
District in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Microbial and physico-chemical properties of greywater collected
monthly from the senior high schools was analyzed. Moringa oleifera seed powder was added to raw greywater and
then filtered through a sand filter bed. Physico-chemical and microbial parameters of the treated greywater were
then analyzed. Mean turbidity, TDS, TSS, T. phosphate and T. nitrogen of the raw greywater was 312.5 76.58
NTU, 445.6 86.77 mg/L, 160.0 28.68 mg/L, 89.3 7.76 mg/L and 30.19 3.63 mg/L respectively whiles
average BOD, COD, E. coli and Total coliform were 1032.5 252.40 mg/L, 1736.0 431.59 mg/L, 84.75 x 106
94.01 x 106 N/100ml and 184.25 x 10s 181 x 106 N/100ml respectively. After treatment, there was percentage
reduction in turbidity (98.14%), TDS (72.7%), TSS (98.9%), T. phosphate (75.64%), T. nitrogen (43.11%), Total
coliform and E. coli (>99%) were recorded. Turbidity was 0.1 NTU and did not meet the WHO standard for
drinking water but T. hardness, E. coli and pH was in line with the WHO limit for drinking water. However, BOD
increased, and this could be attributed to the significant protein content in the seed of Moringa oleifera. Moringa
oleifera seed powder coupled with sand filtration demonstrated the antimicrobial and coagulative potential as
turbidity and E. coli of the raw bath greywater from the senior high schools reduced by >98% and >99.99%
respectively after treatment
Description
Keywords
Moringa oleifera, Physico-chemical parameters, Microbial parameters, Environmental analysis, Environmental engineering, University of Energy & Natural Resources, ACE: Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Ghana, Power