Access to antivenoms in the developing world: A multidisciplinary analysis

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dc.contributor.authorPotet, Julien
dc.contributor.authorBeran, David
dc.contributor.authorRay, Nicolas
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-09T19:01:11Z
dc.date.available2023-05-09T19:01:11Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-01
dc.description.abstractAccess to safe, effective, quality-assured antivenom products that are tailored to endemic venomous snake species is a crucial component of recent coordinated efforts to reduce the global burden of snakebite envenoming. Multiple access barriers may affect the journey of antivenoms from manufacturers to the bedsides of patients. Our review describes the antivenom ecosystem at different levels and identifies solutions to overcome these challenges. At the global level, there is insufficient manufacturing output to meet clinical needs, notably for antivenoms intended for use in regions with a scarcity of producers. At national level, variable funding and deficient regulation of certain antivenom markets can lead to the procurement of substandard antivenom. This is particularly true when producers fail to seek registration of their products in the countries where they should be used, or where weak assessment frameworks allow registration without local clinical evaluation. Out-of-pocket expenses by snakebite victims are often the main source of financing antivenoms, which results in the underuse or under-dosing of antivenoms, and a preference for low-cost products regardless of efficacy. In resource-constrained rural areas, where the majority of victims are bitten, supply of antivenom in peripheral health facilities is often unreliable. Misconceptions about treatment of snakebite envenoming are common, further reducing demand for antivenom and exacerbating delays in reaching facilities equipped for antivenom use. Multifaceted interventions are needed to improve antivenom access in resource-limited settings. Particular attention should be paid to the comprehensive list of actions proposed within the WHO Strategy for Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipACE: Population Health and Policyen_US
dc.identifier.citationPotet J, Beran D, Ray N, Alcoba G, Habib AG, Iliyasu G, Waldmann B, Ralph R, Faiz MA, Monteiro WM, de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett J, di Fabio JL, Cortés MLÁ, Brown NI, Williams DJ. Access to antivenoms in the developing world: A multidisciplinary analysis. Toxicon X. 2021 Oct 26;12:100086. doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100086. PMID: 34786555; PMCID: PMC8578041.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2590-1710
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1754
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesToxicon X.;2021
dc.subjectAffordabilityen_US
dc.subjectAntivenomsen_US
dc.subjectHealth services accessibilityen_US
dc.subjectNeglected tropical diseasesen_US
dc.subjectRegulatory capacityen_US
dc.subjectSnakebite envenomingen_US
dc.subjectGabriel Alcobaen_US
dc.subjectAbdulrazaq Garba Habiben_US
dc.subjectBayero University, Kanoen_US
dc.subjectACEPHAPen_US
dc.subjectACE: Population Health and Policyen_US
dc.titleAccess to antivenoms in the developing world: A multidisciplinary analysisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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