Possible Synergistic Toxicity of Oxygen Scavenger and Defoamer on the Niger Delta Freshwater Tilapia guineensis 

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dc.contributor.authorAnyanwu, Ikechukwu Kingsley
dc.contributor.authorJoel, Ogbonna Friday
dc.contributor.authorGeorgewill, Owunari Abraham
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-10T21:00:45Z
dc.date.available2023-06-10T21:00:45Z
dc.date.issued2021-01
dc.descriptionJournal of Environmental Protection Vol.12 No.11, November 2021en_US
dc.description.abstractGlobally, the generation of produced water keeps increasing due to depleting wells and about 40% of this wastewater is disposed of into the environment. Produced water is made up of several components that are toxic in nature, like production chemicals that are used for oil and gas production activities. Oxygen scavenger and defoamer are commonly used for corrosion prevention as both are applied at different stages of corrosion prevention. Evaluation of the possible synergistic toxicity contribution of oxygen scavenger and defoamer formed the basis of this research and was conducted using the Tilapia guineensis as bio-indicator. The toxicity test was carried out using the ELIMINOX (oxygen scavenger) and EC9017A (defoamer) individually and both chemicals were combined together. The choice of these chemicals was premised on previous researches that have confirmed that they are toxic individually, without further research on how they interact when they are combined. These chemicals and freshwater were used to generate produced water samples in the laboratory. The experiment was set up by adding ten fishes into each of the glass containers, containing the produced water samples at different concentrations and a control sample without the chemicals. The rate of mortality of the fish for the individual chemicals ranged from 100% to 10% for the different percentage concentrations. While on the other hand, a combination of the two chemicals had more survival than mortality, the percentage survival rate ranged from 100% to 90% across all the percentage concentrations. The lethal concentration also showed that the oxygen scavenger was more toxic than the defoamer, however, when they were combined; they showed an antagonistic relationship as the toxicity of the oxygen scavenger drastically reduced. The research findings intend to create awareness of the possible interaction of production chemicals when they are used for oil and gas activities and their combined toxicity contribution to produced water. This will in turn aid government regulators in their decision-making for disposal of produced water.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipACE: Oilfield Chemicals Researchen_US
dc.identifier.citationAnyanwu, I. K., Joel, O. F., & Georgewill, O. A. (2021). Possible Synergistic Toxicity of Oxygen Scavenger and Defoamer on the Niger Delta Freshwater Tilapia guineensis. Journal of Environmental Protection, 12(11), 903-912.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2152-2219
dc.identifier.issn2152-2197
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2021.1211053
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1969
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherScientific Researchen_US
dc.subjectProduced Wateren_US
dc.subjectOxygen Scavengeren_US
dc.subjectDefoameren_US
dc.subjectTilapia guineensisen_US
dc.subjectToxicityen_US
dc.subjectLethal Concentrationen_US
dc.subjectSynergetic Effectsen_US
dc.subjectSTEMen_US
dc.subjectUniversity of Port Harcourten_US
dc.titlePossible Synergistic Toxicity of Oxygen Scavenger and Defoamer on the Niger Delta Freshwater Tilapia guineensis en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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