Browsing by Author "Adebayo, Abiodun H."
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Item Acute toxicity and antimalarial studies of extract of Allophylus spicatus in animals(Toxicol Res, 2021-01-09) Adebayo, Abiodun H.; Yakubu, Omolara F.; Ishola, Temitope AMedicinal plants produce a variety of chemical substances with varied physiological effects. They are a huge reservoir of various chemical substances with potential therapeutic properties. Allophylus spicatus is a shrub that belong to the Sapindaceae family. In this study, male albino wistar rats (18) were used for acute toxicity test. Animals were divided into six groups of three rats each. Group A served as the control group while the other groups were dosed orally with 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight of extract and were observed for 14 days. Swiss albino mice (42) were used for the antimalarial study; five groups of six infected mice per group (Groups C–G) were respectively dosed orally with 25 mg chloroquine/kg bw, 200 mg of extract/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw of extract, 25 mg chl./kg bw+200 mg/kg bw of extract and 25 mg chl./kg bw+400 mg/kg bw extract with three groups serving as the control (Groups A–C) for three days. Acute toxicity test and histology analysis on the liver tissue confrmed the safety of the extract at concentrations less than 1000 mg/kg b/w. Antimalarial studies showed the highest activity in the group administered with 400 mg/kg+25 mg chl./kg b/w. In conclusion, A. spicatus was non-toxic at doses less than 1000 mg/kg and significantly reduced parasitemia count in P. berghei infected mice, thus validating its folkloric usage.Item Antimicrobial and Toxicity Studies on Holisa Herbal Formulation(Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2021-06) . Yakubu, Omolara F; Adebayo, Abiodun H.; Ezekiel-Hart, Edvyne S.Herbal plants have been reported to play crucial role in enhancing human health. The study evaluated the antimicrobial property, acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of Holisa herbal formulation consisting of Vernonia amygdalina, Rorippa madgasceriensis, and Securinega virosa plants using biochemical and histopathological indices. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats of five groups (A-E) of 6 animals each were used. Animals in group A were given distilled water while those in B, C, D, and E received 20, 40, 60, 100 mL/kg of body weight of the formulation for 28 days. The zone of inhibition was determined with agar well diffusion method using seven bacterial and three fungal isolates. The acute toxicity was carried out with the use of Swiss mice which were observed for 72 hours. The zone of inhibition observed on both the bacterial and fungal culture media was very minimal (6-9 mm). Significant (p<0.05) increase in body weight was observed in groups B, C, and E and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in group D when compared to the control. Alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, creatinine, and total protein were increased significantly (p<0.05), while aspartate aminotransferases, alanine aminotransferases, albumin did not show significant differences. The histopathology conducted showed that the formulation showed congestion in the blood vessels and vascular constriction on the liver and kidney tissues respectively. The results revealed that lower doses of Holisa herbal formulation may not have any adverse effect on the liver and kidney tissues but high doses elicited toxicity