Browsing by Author "Ifeanacho, Mercy O."

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    Attenuation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats by aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021-03-04) Ikewuchi, Jude C.; Ikewuchi, Catherine C; Ifeanacho, Mercy O.
    This study investigated the potential protective role of aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Materials and methods To this end, their impact on plasma markers of cardiac integrity, cardiac markers of oxidative stress, cardiac lipids and electrolyte profiles, and activities of cardiac ATPases, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, were monitored in doxorubicin treated rats. Metformin (250 mg/kg body weight, orally) and both extracts (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, orally) were daily administered for 14 days; while cardiotoxicity was induced with doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, intra-peritioneally, once on the 12th day of study). Results The plasma activities of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and AST of Test control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the other groups. Also, the cardiac malondialdehyde, calcium, chloride, sodium, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of Test control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the others. However, the cardiac concentrations of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, magnesium and potassium, and cardiac activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Na+,K+-ATPase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase of Test control were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the others. Conclusions Pre-treatment with the extracts and metformin elicited a cardioprotective effect, as indicated by the prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiac oxidative stress and prevention of adverse alterations in plasma cardiac markers, cardiac lipids and electrolyte profiles, as well as improvement of the activities of cardiac ATPases, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase.
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    Moderation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats by aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens
    (Porto Biomed. J., 2021-01-03) Ikewuchi, Catherine C.; Ifeanacho, Mercy O.; Ikewuch, Jude C.
    Abstract Background: The major draw-back of doxorubicin's use in chemotherapy is its toxicity on various organs including the kidneys. This study investigated the potential protective role of aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Methods: To this end, their impact on plasma biomarkers of kidney function, as well as renal lipid profile, biomarkers of oxidative stress, electrolyte profile and activities of renal ATPases was monitored in doxorubicin treated rats. Metformin (250 mg/kg body weight, orally) and the extracts (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, orally) were daily administered for 14 days; while nephrotoxicity was induced with doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, intra-peritioneally), once on the 12th day of study. Results: The plasma concentrations of creatinine, and urea; as well as the renal malondialdehyde, cholesterol, calcium and sodium concentrations in the Test control, were significantly (P < .05) higher than those of all the other groups. However, the renal concentrations of ascorbic acid, chloride, magnesium and potassium, and the renal activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase superoxide dismutase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase in the Test control were significantly (P < .05) lower than those of all the other groups. Conclusions: Pre-treatment with the extracts and metformin boosted endogenous antioxidants, and prevented doxorubicin-induced renal damage, as indicated by the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced renal oxidative stress, as well as the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced adverse alterations in renal cholesterol, ATPases and electrolyte balance, and plasma biomarkers of kidney function, and keeping them at near-normal values.
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    Prevention of doxorubicin-induced dyslipidaemia, plasma oxidative stress and electrolytes imbalance in Wistar rats by aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens
    (Scientific African, 2020-11-13) Ifeanacho, Mercy O.; Ikewuchi, Jude C; Ikewuchi, Catherine C
    This study investigated the ability of aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens to modulate plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, electrolytes, lipid profiles and atherogenic indices in doxorubicin treated rats. Doxorubicin was administered at 15 mg/kg body weight (intra-peritioneally, 48 h prior to sacrifice); metformin was administered daily at 250 mg/kg (orally, for 14 days); while both extracts were daily administered at 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg (orally, for 14 days). The plasma malondialdehyde, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, non-high density lipoproteins cholesterol, low density lipoproteins cholesterol and very low density lipoproteins cholesterol, calcium, chloride and sodium concentrations; atherogenic index of plasma, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and Castelli’s risk index II of Test control were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of all the other groups. However, their plasma ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, high density lipoproteins cholesterol, potassium and magnesium concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of all the other groups. In addition, the plasma catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of Test control were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the others. The above imply that the extracts have the ability to prevent doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia and electrolytes imbalance. These results suggest that, at least in part, due to antioxidant and hypolipidaemic properties, aqueous extracts of T. procumbens and C. odorata leaves may potentially reduce the risk of doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular disorders
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    Protective effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
    (Porto Biomed. J., 2021) Ikewuchi, Catherine C.; . Ikewuchi, Jude C; Ifeanacho, Mercy O.
    Background: The liver is one of the organs affected by doxorubicin toxicity. Therefore, in this study, the potential protective role of aqueous leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Methods: In order to achieve this, their impact on hepatic biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid and electrolytes’ profile, and plasmabiomarkers of liver functions/integrity were monitored in doxorubicin treated rats. The animals were treated with either metformin(250mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days) or the extracts (50, 75, and 100mg/kg orally for 14 days) and/or doxorubicin (15mg/kg,intraperitoneal, 48 h before sacrifice). Results: The hepatic malondialdehyde, cholesterol, calcium, and sodium concentrations, and plasma activities of alanine andaspartate transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, as well as plasma albumin to globulin ratio of test control were significantly(P<.05) higher than those of all the other groups. However, the plasma albumin, total protein, globulin, and total bilirubinconcentrations; hepatic concentrations of ascorbic acid, chloride, magnesium, and potassium; and hepatic activities of catalase,glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase of test control were significantly (P<.05) lower than those of all the other groups. Conclusions: Pretreatment with the extracts and metformin prevented to varying degrees, doxorubicin-induced hepatic damage,as indicated by the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced adverse alterations in hepatic biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid andelectrolyte profiles, and plasma biomarkers of hepatic function/integrity, and keeping them at near-normal values.