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Item Aphrodisiac Effect of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Ficus Sycomorus on Female Wistar Rats(Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 2018-06) Tijjan, U.; Mabrouk, M. I.; Yarube, I. U.In the present study, the effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Ficus sycomorus was evaluated on female sex hormones and sexual behavior in female Wistar rats. Adult female rats having regular estrous cycle confirmed by daily cytology of the vaginal smear analysis were used. Rats were andomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): Group I served as a control; while group II, and III received 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg of the extracts respectively. The results revealed significant increase (p<0.5) in serum concentration of the estradiol in group II and a significant decrease (p<0.5) in serum concentration of estradiol in group III in comparison with the control. There was also significant decrease (p<0.5) in serum level of progesterone in group II and no significant effect in group III in comparison with the control. The result also indicated no significant effect (p>0.5) of the extract on female sexual behavior, which may suggest no scientific basis for the use of the extract as an aphrodisiac in females.Item Biosorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution using alginates extracted from Djiboutian seaweeds and deposited on silica particles(Pure Appl. Chem, 2019) Aden, Moumin; Husson, Jérôme; Monney, Sandrine; Franchi, MarielleHigh-molecular alginates were extracted from Djiboutian brown seaweeds, Sargassum sp. (S) and Turbinaria (T) and isolated as sodium salts in 31.0 and 42.7% yield by weight. 1H NMR analysis of the uronic acid block-structure indicates mannuronic/guluronic M/G ratios of 0.49 and 3.0 for the alginates extracts, respectively. The resulting alginates were deposited onto native Aerosil 200 silica, amine-functionalized and carboxyl-functionalized silica particles to enhance the mechanical strength providing Alg.(T/S)+SiO2) Alg.(T/S)+SiO2NH2) and Alg.(T)+SiO2CO2H) composites. Taking Pb(II) as examples for toxic heavy metal ions, the effects of the pH, adsorption kinetics, and isotherms have been studied systematically. The best uptake achieved was 585 mg Pb2+ ion/g using Alg.S+SiO2NH2. Furthermore, the Pb(II) ions were successfully desorbed in several cycles from Alg.T+SiO2 using 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. Therefore, Alg.T+SiO2 may be considered as a low-cost biosorbent that quickly adsorbs and easily desorbs analyte lead ions. A comparison of the adsorption capacity of our biopolymer-coated particles with that of other adsorbents reported in the literature reveals that our materials are among the best performing for the adsorption of Pb(II).Item La tuberculose multi-résistante de l’enfant et de l’adolescent à Conakry(J Func Vent Pulm, 2019) Diallo, B.D.; Camara, M.H.; Diallo, O.H.Introduction. L’objectif de cette étude était de rapporter l’expérience des trois centres de prise en charge de la Tuberculose multi résistante de la ville de Conakry dans la gestion des cas de tuberculose multi-résistante chez les enfants et adoles cents. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective de type descriptif sur une période de 4ans, concernant tous les dossiers des enfants âgés de moins de 16ans suivis pour une tuberculose multi-résistante dans les trois sites de prise en charge de la ville de Conakry. Résultats. 10 dossiers d’enfants et adolescents âgés de moins de 16 ans suivis pour tuberculose multi-résistante; une prédominance féminine avec 7 filles pour 3 garçons et un ratio F/H de 2,3 a été notée avec un âge moyen de 13ans, des extrêmes de 8 mois et de 15 ans. Deux patients avaient un contact familial avec un malade multi-résistant et 9 patients sur 10 avaient un antécédent de traitement antituberculeux dont 5 cas d’échec du primo traitement et 4 cas de rechute. Le diagnostic de la multi-résistance a été fait pour l’ensemble des patients au moyen du test Xpert MTB/RIF, les résultats des tests de sensibilité aux autres antituberculeux de première ligne avaient confirmé la multi-résistance chez les 10 malades. La sérologie VIH était positive chez 2 patients qui étaient déjà sous ARV au cours du dépistage de la multiré sistance. Six patients ont été traités avec le régime long de 24 mois (6km-Lfx-Cs-Pto-Z/18 Lfx-Cs-Pto-Z) et 4 patients avec le régime court de 9 mois (4km-Mfx-Cfz-Pto-Z-H-E/5 Mfx-Cfz-Z- E). A la fin de l’étude, on notait un succès thérapeutique chez 6 patients 2 décès notés et 2 patients étaient sous traitement. Conclusion. La tuberculose multi-résistante demeure grave chez l’enfant, un meilleur dépistage des contacts pédiatriques des patients TB-MR et le renforcement du traitement de première ligne pourraient réduire l'impact de cette maladie chez les enfants et adolescents.Item Effects of varying dietary levels of Carica papaya seed meal powder (PSM) on growth and histology of gonads in Oreochromis niloticus larvae(The International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences (IJBCS), 2019-04) Magblenou, Louis Dossou; LY, Mouhamadou Amadou; Kantoussan, JustinSex control in tilapia should provide an invaluable benefit to aquaculture. The effects of different dietary levels of papaya carica seed meal powder on growth and gonad histology in Oreochromis niloticus larvae were studied to prevent early maturity and uncontrolled spawning. Four (4) dietary level of seed meal powder, varying from 0 g.Kg^-1 as a control; 1 g.Kg^-1 ; 2 g.Kg^-1 to 3 g.Kg^-1 were each tested in triplicate. The diet were is onitrogenous and were fed to twelve (12) experimental groups of 110 larvae weighing 0.019 g at a feeding rate of 4% body weight, three times a day for 30 days with the experimental diet and then after fed with the basal diet for other 60 days of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, 24 fish from all replicates were randomly sampled, slaughtered and dissected to remove testicles and ovaries. Testicular and ovarian samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h before the histological process. After 90 days of experiment, fish weight increased from 0.019 g ± 0.09 to 32.47g ± 0.02; 30.40g ± 0.05; 34.68 g ± 0.07 and 33.83 g ± 0.09 respectively for C. papaya dosage of 0; 1; 2 and 3, respectively. In fish treated with 0 and 1g. Kg^-1 of PSM, the testes showed different stages of spermatogenesis with germ cells moving up to the spermatozoa. Similarly, the ovaries showed follicles at different stages of folliculogenesis up to vitellogenesis. The main lesional changes observed concerned the testicles of fish fed with 2 and 3 g.Kg^-1q PSM with in particular the scarcity of germ cells and spermatozoa. For females, the only observations concern vitellogenesis which are important for treatment doses of 0 and 1 g.Kg^-1, while they decrease in the group treated with 3 g.Kg^-1.Item Nigerian propolis: chemical composition, antioxidant activity and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition(Taylor and Francis, 2019-11-08) Alaribe, Chinwendum Stephenie; Esposito, Tiziana; Sansone, FrancescaPropolis is an attractive natural ingredient to design health products due to its pharmacological effects. Our chemical investigation of a polar extract of Nigerian propolis (NP) led the isolation and identification of five isoflavonoids (1-4, 6), one diarylpropane (5) and one prenylated flavanone (7) by the combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1, 4 and 7 were found to be the main markers in NP (8.0, 5.0 and 4.0 mg/g of dry extract, respectively). Moreover, NP and its phenolic constituents exhibited in vitro free radical scavenging activity together with a promising antidiabetic effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Finally, NP showed also a moderate inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth. These results suggested that NP could be a good candidate in nutraceuticals and food products.Item Optimization and characterization of rice–pigeon pea flour blend using extrusion cooking proces(Wiley, 2019-12-20) Banki, Ndaliman Mohammed; Salihu, Aliyu; Muhammad, AliyuThis study was carried out to formulate rice and pigeon pea flour blend with the aim of providing nutrient-enriched and inexpensive food for developing countries where the raw materials are found in abundance. Three factors (screw speed, feed moisture content and feed blend composition) affecting the extrusion cooking process were subjected to face-centred central composite design (FCCCD), and physical properties were used as the response. Analysis of variance showed that the developed quadratic model was significant with coefficient of determinations (R2) of 0.96 for expansion index, 0.93 for bulk density and 0.88 for water absorption index. Validation experiments were carried out where four rice–pigeon pea flour blends were subjected to physical, mineral and amino acid analyses. Formulation 3 set at screw speed, feed moisture content and feed blend composition of 220 rpm, 30% and 25%, respectively, led to maximum expansion index of 9.98 ± 0.15, bulk density of 0.12 ± 0.01 g/mL and water absorption index of 6.41 ± 0.07. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in essential amino acids in all the developed rice–pigeon pea flour blends, and Formulation 3 was found to be two- and fivefold higher in terms of methionine and lysine contents, respectively, than the control (extruded rice). Similarly, calcium (3.41 ± 0.07 mg/100 g), iron (12.64 ± 0.03 mg/100 g) and zinc (9.33 ± 0.02 g/100 g) contents in Formulation 3 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the values of 1.19 ± 0.13, 5.89 ± 0.10 and 2.67 ± 0.05 mg/100 g recorded, respectively, for the extruded rice (control). In conclusion, the extruded rice–pigeon pea flour blend showed better physical properties and nutritional quality than the extruded riceItem Global retinoblastoma treatment outcomes association with national income level(Elsevier Inc., 2020) Tomar, Ankit Singh; Finger, Paul T.; Gallie, BrendaPurpose: To compare metastasis-related mortality, local treatment failure, and globe salvage after retinoblastoma in countries with different national income levels. Design: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. Participants: Two thousand one hundred ninety patients, 18 ophthalmic oncology centers, and 13 countries on 6 continents. Methods: Multicenter registry-based data were pooled from retinoblastoma patients enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. Adequate data to allow American Joint Committee on Cancer staging, eighth edition, and analysis for the main outcome measures were available for 2085 patients. Each country was classified by national income level, as defined by the 2017 United Nations World Population Prospects, and included high-income countries (HICs), upper middle-income countries (UMICs), and lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Patient survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine associations between national income and treatment outcomes. Main Outcome Measures: Metastasis-related mortality and local treatment failure (defined as use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy). Results: Most (60%) study patients resided in UMICs and LMICs. The global median age at diagnosis was17.0 months and higher in UMICs (20.0 months) and LMICs (20.0 months) than HICs (14.0 months; P < 0.001).Patients in UMICs and LMICs reported higher rates of disease-specific metastasis-related mortality and local treatment failure. As compared with HICs, metastasis-related mortality was 10.3-fold higher for UMICs and 9.3-fold higher for LMICs, and the risk for local treatment failure was 2.2-fold and 1.6-fold higher, respectively (all P <0.001). Conclusions: This international, multicenter, registry-based analysis of retinoblastoma management revealed that lower national income levels were associated with significantly higher rates of metastasis-related mortality, local treatment failure, and lower globe salvageItem High-throughput genotyping assays for identification of glycophorin B deletion variants in population studies(Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2020) Amuzu, Dominic S.Y.; Rockett, Kirk A.; Leffler, Ellen M .Glycophorins are the most abundant sialoglycoproteins on the surface of human erythrocyte membranes. Genetic variation in glycophorin region of human chromosome 4 (containing GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE genes) is of interest because the gene products serve as receptors for pathogens of major public health interest, including Plasmodium sp., Babesia sp., Influenza virus, Vibrio cholerae El Tor Hemolysin, and Escherichia coli. A large structural rearrangement and hybrid glycophorin variant, known as Dantu, which was identified in East African populations, has been linked with a 40% reduction in risk for severe malaria. Apart from Dantu, other large structural variants exist, with the most common being deletion of the whole GYPB gene and its surrounding region, resulting in multiple different deletion forms. In West Africa particularly, these deletions are estimated to account for between 5 and 15% of the variation in different populations, mostly attributed to the forms known as DEL1 and DEL2. Due to the lack of specific variant assays, little is known of the distribution of these variants. Here, we report a modification of a previous GYPB DEL1 assay and the development of a novel GYPB DEL2 assay as high-throughput PCR-RFLP assays, as well as the identification of the crossover/breakpoint for GYPB DEL2. Using 393 samples from three study sites in Ghana as well as samples from HapMap and 1000 G projects for validation, we show that our assays are sensitive and reliable for genotyping GYPB DEL1 and DEL2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such high-throughput genotyping assays by PCR-RFLP for identifying specific GYPB deletion types in populations. These assays will enable better identification of GYPB deletions for large genetic association studies and functional experiments to understand the role of this gene cluster region in susceptibility to malaria and other diseases.Item Seminal Plasma concentrations of Semenogelin and Zinc Among infertile males and their association with Asthenozoospermia.(BJMHR- British Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2020) Morokeji, Muyiwa Adeleye; Emokpae, Mathias AbiodunPoor semen liquefaction is one of the causes of male infertility which has become a public health challenge in Nigeria. Abnormal sperm motility is one of the commonest abnormalities detected in infertile males. The pathogenesis of poor liquefaction and solidification of semen are modulated by Semenogelin and some other secretions from male accessory organs. To evaluate the concentrations of Semenogelin and zinc in seminal plasma and to correlate the levels with percentage sperm motility. Four hundred men, mean age 36.4±6.8 years who were evaluated for infertility and 100 men, mean age 40.2±6.6 years of proven fertility were consecutively recruited for the study. Following routine semen analysis, seminal plasma Semenogelin-1 and zinc were determined by ELISA technique and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry techniques respectively. Data generated were compared between groups and association between Semenogelin, zinc and percentage sperm motility was determined. Seminal plasma Semenogelin level was higher (p<0.001) in infertile males irrespective of the sperm concentration than controls. On the other hand, seminal plasma zinc level was lower (p<0.001) among oligozoospermia and azoospermia than controls. The mean Semenogelin level was significantly higher (p<0.001) among asthenozoospermia than those with normal percent motility while mean seminal plasma zinc level in asthenozoospermia was lower (p<0.001) than those with normal percentage motility. Seminal plasma Semenogelin (R=-0.217; p<0.005) correlated negatively with asthenozoospermia and zinc (R=-0.148;p<0.05) but zinc correlated (R-0.150;p<0.05) positively with asthenozoospermia. Alterations in the levels of Semenogelin and zinc are associated with asthenozoospermia among infertile males.Item Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria(https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.10.901470, 2020-01-10) Musa, Adamu Andrew; Ayo, Yila Simon; Lushakyaa3, AllamBackground: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that has become emerging and reemerging in some regions of the world, infecting livestock and humans. One-humped camels are important economic livestock species in Africa used for traction, transportation, and food. Regional and international trade has continued to increase the risk of this disease, spreading widely and causing severe economic and public health catastrophes in affected regions. In spite of these risks, there is a dearth of information about the status of RVF in camels in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the RVF virus in one-humped camels in Nigeria and identify the risk factors associated with the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out in seven local government areas of Jigawa and Katsina States. The sera from camels were tested for anti-RVFV IgG. Camel owners were administered a structured questionnaire to ascertain their knowledge, attitude, and practice. Results: An overall prevalence of 19.9% (95% CI; 17.07-22.90) was recorded. Based on age groups, the highest prevalence of 20.9% (95% CI; 17.00-25.31) was obtained among older camels (6-10 years), while female camels recorded a high prevalence of 20.4% (95%CI; 15.71- 25.80). Sule Tankar-kar recorded the highest prevalence with 33% (95%CI; 1.31-4.72, p= 0.007) and OR 2.47 in Jigawa State while Mai’adua had 24.7% (95%CI; 0.97-2.73, p=0.030) with OR 1.62 in Katsina State respectively. From the risk map, local government areas bordering Niger Republic were at a high risk of RVF. Only high rainfall was not significantly linked with RVF occurrence among nomadic camel pastoralists (95%CI 0.93-5.20; p=0.070). Conclusion: There is a need for the country to have quarantine units across borders for screening animals coming from neighbouring countries for transboundary infectious diseases such as RVFItem Sources of Salmonella Infections in Selected Poultry Farms in Jos, Northern Nigeria(Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 2020-01-20) Sati, N. M.; Emennaa, P. E; Okolocha, E. C.Salmonella infections are not new in Nigerian farms and most times also, it is not clear whether the infections are coming from the hatcheries or they are acquired on the farms. The aim of this study was to determine the sources of salmonella infections in nine selected farms prior to fowl typhoid vaccine administration in order to suggest preventive measures towards minimizing or eradicating its occurrence in the farms and hatcheries. Samples taken at the hatcheries were dead chicks and faeces from chick boxes. These samples were processed and analysed for Salmonella species using standard microbiology methods. Four (44.4%) of the nine farms had Salmonella in the tissues of dead birds and/or in their faeces before the birds were introduced to the farms. Salmonella specie was also found two weeks later in faeces and feed in one out of the four farms. Subsequent visits yielded no Salmonella species in the previously infected farms. One of the selected farms whose chicks were Salmonella–free before reaching the farm eventually had Salmonella species isolated from the litter a few weeks later. A total of eleven isolates comprising four different serotypes (Salmonella oakland, S. enterica subsp enterica, S. bonariensis and S. kentucky) were encountered in this study that demonstrates the need for routine screening of breeder farms against infectious diseases, the regulation of activities in hatcheries and the practice of biosecurity on farms to reduce disease transmission to the barest minimum.Item Sickle cell disease: A distinction of two most frequent genotypes (HbSS and HbSC)(PLoS ONE, 2020-01-29) da Guarda, Caroline Conceic¸ão; Yahoue´de´hou, Sètondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre; Santiago, Rayra PereiraSickle cell disease (SCD) consists of a group of hemoglobinopathies in which individuals present highly variable clinical manifestations. Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most severe form, while SC hemoglobinopathy (HbSC) is thought to be milder. Thus, we investigated the clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters by comparing each SCD genotype. We designed a cross-sectional study including 126 SCA individuals and 55 HbSC individuals in steady-state. Hematological, biochemical and inflammatory characterization was performed as well as investigation of previous history of clinical events. SCA patients exhibited most prominent anemia, hemolysis, leukocytosis and inflammation, whereas HbSC patients had increased lipid determinations. The main cause of hospitalization was pain crises on both genotypes. Vaso-occlusive events and pain crises were associated with hematological, inflammatory and anemia biomarkers on both groups. Cluster analysis reveals hematologi cal, inflammatory, hemolytic, endothelial dysfunction and anemia biomarkers in HbSC dis ease as well as SCA. The results found herein corroborate with previous studies suggesting that SCA and HbSC, although may be similar from the genetic point of view, exhibit different clinical manifestations and laboratory alterations which are useful to monitor the clinical course of each genotype.Item Impact of Herbal Aphrodisiac Pausinytalia yohimbe (BURANTASHI) on the Morphology of Sperm Cells in Adult Male Wister Rats and Mice(Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020-02-02) Isaiah, Ibeh Nnanna; Okungbowa, M.A.; Omorodion, N.T.; Nnanna, Ibeh IsaiahBurantashi Pausinytalia yohimbe is been used as a local aphrodisiac to enhance sexual activities, it is very common amongst the northern Nigerian men, it is also used in suya preparation. The effect P. yohimbe has on the fertility of man and animals has been discussed, although it enhances the virality as regards sexual performance does it in turn have negative impact on the sperm cell quality and if it does, does it affect the morphology of the sperm cells and what kind of morphological changes do occur. 54 Adult male Wister rats where acclimatized and broken down into study groups with the control group as a model of comparison, they were broken into 6 rats in each group, the P. yohimbe extract where administered orally to the rats at 200mg and 400mg concentrations for 14 days, 28 days and 48 days respectively after which they were sacrificed and the sperm cells where analysed for possible morphological abnormalities. The rats at day 14, 28 and 48 with the increase in concentration and dose, noticeable significant changes (p<0.005) where observed with 200mg and 400mg of day 14, 28 and 48 having significant difference in the abnormal sperm cells as compared with the control groups who where fed water and feed. The abnormal morphology ranged from headless, tailless, short tail, big head and double tail, with the Headless and tailless morphological changes having the highest percentage occurrence. The fact that Burantashi P. yohimbe enhances sexual performance doesn’t mean it has not effect on the sperm cell quality as observed in this study it impacts on the morphological changes observable by their shape, size and density variance from those not orally administered P. yohimbe.Item Retrospective study of dog bites and cases of rabies virus infected dogs in slaughter houses in Makurdi, Nigeria(Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2020-02-03) Ikye-Tor, P.M.; Kwaga, J.K.; Kia, G.S.N.This study was carried out to obtain a 16-year retrospective data on dog bites/suspected dog rabies cases and to determine the prevalence of rabies antigen in the brains of dogs slaughtered for human consumption in Makurdi, Benue State. Data for retrospective studies (2003 - 2018) of dog bite/suspected rabies cases was collected from both government and private veterinary clinics in Makurdi while dog brain samples were collected from the dog slaughter slab at the mammy market in Makurdi. A total of 139 dog bite/suspected rabies cases were reported between January, 2003 and December, 2018 in the veterinary clinics with majority (55.3%) of the victims being children less than 16-years old. Only 18 (12.2%) of the offending dogs were quarantined at the time of bite, 11 of which died in quarantine. Five samples from the dogs that died in quarantine were later confirmed positive for rabies at the National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Nigeria. Of the 464 brain samples collected from the slaughter slab, 52 (11.2%) tested positive for rabies antigen through the direct fluorescent antibody technique. The presence of rabies antigen in apparently healthy dogs may serve as a source of spread of the virus to the public as most people do not regard bites from healthy dogs as possible exposures. There is need for public health awareness on the health challenges posed by dog bites especially on the possibility of developing rabies from such bites, and the need to promptly report every bite so that proper medical attention can be given. With the world looking at eliminating canine mediated rabies by the year 2030, mass enlightenment programmes regarding rabies and its prevention in Makurdi is strongly recommended to help achieve this goalItem An inventory of medicinal plants used for treatment of cancer in Kwara and Lagos state, Nigeria(Elsevier, 2020-02-10) Abubakar, Ibrahim Babangida; Ukwuani-Kwaja, Angela Nnenna; Olayiwola, Folami SulaimonIntroduction: The southwestern and northcentral parts of Nigeria are highly endowed with medicinal plants that have been used for decades to treat cancer. However, these herbal recipes and traditional medicinal practices have been scarcely investigated and documented. New uninvestigated plants could serve as potential sources for novel cytotoxic agents. This study was aimed at documenting the traditional medicinal practices used for treating cancers in Ilorin and Lagos metropolis. Methods: Information on herbal practices, medicinal plants and personal information form herbal practitioners was collected using questionnaires and oral interviews. Plants cited were collected, identified and assigned voucher numbers. The names of plants were further authenticated using the plant list (www.theplantlist.org) and the world flora (www.worldfloraonline.org). Results: A total of 41 plants were identified via oral interviews and questionnaires from 65 willing respondents within Ilorin and Lagos metropolis, respectively. Pistia stratiotes was the most frequently cited plant with a citation frequency of 57.1 % whereas, Mangifera indica Linn was the least cited plant with a citation frequency of 2.9 %. Plants parts including leaf, bark, root, and seed were prepared as concoctions, decoctions or powders and administered topically or orally to treat breast, prostate, cervical, skin and ovarian cancer. Conclusion: The study revealed that medicinal plants previously shown to have cytotoxicity in vitro are currently used for cancers in traditional medicine practice. Twenty six medicinal plants are mentioned here for the first time as anticancer plants and could serve as sources for novel cytotoxic agents against cancers.Item Strategies to Enhance Early Implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care Guidelines in Health Facilities in Edo State, Nigeria(International Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2020-02-14) Esewe, Roselynd Ejakhianghe; Phetlhu, Rene DeliweThis paper describes the second phase of the processes that culminated in the formulation of strategies to enhance early implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) guidelines in health facilities in Edo state, Nigeria. A multi-method approach by the use of the health policy analysis triangle of Walt and Gilson in 1994 resulted in conclusion statements that were generated from an empirical study in phase 1. The knowledge, attitude, practice and socio-cultural barriers regarding KMC of 72 respondents: 55 operational health workers, 4 managers and 13 mothers of preterm infants was explored through a descriptive survey design. In phase II, a purposive method was applied to select 10 Delphi panelists. The Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy served as a basis to develop a vision, mission, values, principles, assumptions, and strategic objectives. The quantitative Delphi approach was used with the aid of a self-administered questionnaire which was validated by pilot testing. Data obtained from the rounds of the Delphi technique were analyzed with SPPS (24) in non-parametric variables using measures of central tendencies. A 75% consensus was reached in round 3 as predetermined as the acceptable score in all domains by the Delphi panelists. Hence the strategies are authentic, applicable and reliable for use as verified by the experts. Based on the rigour involved in the development of the strategies, the operational health workers (OHWs) who may have difficulties initiating and providing kangaroo mother care will benefit immensely. Furthermore, the strategies have the potential to contribute to the knowledge base of nursing practice because, it may serve as a reference point for nurses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), maternity units and Primary Health Care centers (PHCs) thus helping in the reduction of neonatal mortality.Item Evaluation of hormonal profile and some stress biomarkers in infertile couples in Abuja, Nigeria(International Journal of Research in Medical Science, 2020-02-29) Abriba, Simon P.; Osadolar, Humphrey B.Background: Infertility is a growing gynecological problem in couples of childbearing age having difficulties bearing children. Couples with infertility are known to present with high levels of stress and psychopathology A cross sectional case control study aimed at evaluating the hormonal profile, some stress biomarkers, sperm analysis in infertile couples was carried out to ascertain their contributions to infertility in couples of child bearing age. Methods: Serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Prolactin, Progesterone, Estrogen (E2), Testosterone, Salivary Cortisol and Salivary Alpha Amylase were evaluated using both competitive and non-competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques; while sperm cells analysis were evaluated using conventional methods, in 164 infertile couples (study) and 100 fertile couples (control) attending fertility clinic in General Hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. Results: The mean serum Prolactin and Salivary (S) Cortisol in the female were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the study group relative to the control group, while Salivary Alpha Amylase and LH show no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups. FSH, Progesterone and E2 in the female were significantly lower in the study group (p<0.05) compared with control group. Testosterone, FSH, Sperm cells count and Sperm activity (%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the male study group relative to the control group; while prolactin, S. cortisol and S. amylase were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the male study group relative to the control group. Conclusions: Abnormal hormones values and abnormal sperm quality and quantity are associated with elevated stress biomarkers in couples presenting with infertility. Strong positive correlations exist between hormones and stress biomarker in infertility conditions.Item Occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella on Dried Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkia) Sold in Zaria and Kaduna Central Market, Kaduna State, Nigeria(Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2020-03) Kia, G.S.N; Mathias, S.; Esonu, D.ODried crayfish is a rich source of protein and an important crustacean consumed all over the world.To determine the occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella in dried crayfish and crayfish sellers practices which may predispose the food item to microbial contamination, dried crayfish were sampled from 100 stalls in Samaru (n=20), Sabo (n=30) and Central market (n=50) markets of Kaduna state. Dried crayfish samples were each homogenized, analyzed for total coliform plate count, then pre-enriched and enriched in peptone water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth respectively, which was further cultured on Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA). Non-lactose fermenting colonies were subjected to biochemical and Sugar tests. The overall mean coliform count was 14.95log10cfu/100ml. Salmonella and Shigella species were isolated from 12 (35.3%) and 5 (14.3%) samples respectively. Locational distribution of dried crayfish showed, Sabon gari (13.3%) and Central market Kaduna (6%) having the highest occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella suspect species respectively. Questionnaire survey administered to 100 of the crayfish sellers revealed that most of them 71 (74%) eat uncooked dried crayfish, 39% (44/100) of them use their bare hands unwashed while packaging the crayfish at point of sale. The presence of Salmonella and Shigella in crayfish from these locations is of public health significance. Therefore, public enlightenment on hygiene, sanitation and proper storage and packaging of crayfish to prevent foodborne disease outbreak such as Salmonellosis and Shigellosis in Nigeria is highly advocatedItem Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for cancer treatment in Kebbi state, North-west Nigeria(Elsevier B.V, 2020-03-03) Abubakar, Ibrahim Babangida; Ukwuani-Kwaja, Angela Nnenna; Garba, Abubakar DahiruKebbi state is endowed with medicinal plants that have been used by different tribes especially the Hausa-Fulani, Dakarkari and Gungawa to treat different ailments such as cancer for decades. Therefore, this study is aimed at documenting the medicinal plants used for treating cancer in Kebbi state. Demographic data, personal information of willing informants and information on plants used and mode of treatment was collected via administration of a structured questionnaire. Data was collected and analysed, whereas, cited plants were collected, identified and assigned voucher numbers. The study revealed a total of 48 medicinal plants across 25 different families. Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub ranked first with a citation frequency of 44.9%. The Hausa-Fulani tribes were predominantly the traditional medicine practitioners (53.6%). Plants parts used include leaf, bark,root and whole plant. Generally, the herbal medicine is prepared as a powder and mixed with local beverages (kunu or fura) and administered orally 2–3 times daily. Whereas, residues of the powder are topically applied. Future studies should investigate the antiproliferative potency, determine the mechanisms mediating the cytotoxic potency and isolate the cytotoxic compounds from the active frequently mentioned, scarcely investigated and uninvestigated plantsItem Cesarean Section and Maternal-fetal Mortality Rates in Nigeria: An Ecological Lens into the Last Decade(Global Health and Education Projects, 2020-03-06) Galadanci, Hadiza; Dongarwar, Deepa; Künzel, WolfgangBackground or Objectives: Despite the global decline in maternal mortality within the last decade, women continue to die excessively from pregnancy-related complicationsin developing countries. We assessed the trends in maternal mortality, fetal mortality and cesarean section (C-Section) rates within 25 selected Nigerian hospitals over the last decade. Methods: Basic obstetric data on all deliveries were routinely collected by midwives using the maternity record book developed for the project in all the participating hospitals. Trends of C-Section Rates (CSR), Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR), Fetal Mortality Rates (FMR) and Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery rates (SVD) were calculated using joinpoint regression models. Results: The annual average percent change in CSR was 12.2%, which was statistically significant, indicating a rise in CSR over the decade of the study. There was a noticeable fall in MMR from a zenith of about 1,868 per 100,000 at baseline down to 1,315/100,000 by the end of the study period, representing a relative drop in MMR of about 30%. An average annual drop of 3.8% in FMR and 1.5% drop in SVD over time were noted over the course of the study period. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: We observed an overall CSR of 10.4% and a significant rise in CSR over the 9-year period (2008-2016) of about 108% across hospital facilities in Nigeria. Despite the decrease in MMR, it was still high compared to the global average of 546 maternal deaths per 100 000 livebirths. The FMR was also high compared with the global average. The MMR found in this study clearly indicates that Nigeria is far behind in making progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SGD 3) which aims to reduce the global MMR to less than 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030.