Applied Social Science / Education

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Association of frailty with health service utilisation and health care expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Côte d’Ivoire
(BMC, 2021-07-30) Ambagtsheer, Rachel C.; Moussa, Richard K.
Background: Frailty, a syndrome resulting in heightened risk of negative outcomes for older adults, is increasing across the globe. However, little is known about the health service impacts of frailty in low-income countries (LICs), and in particular, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study explores the relationship between frailty and health service 1) utilisation and 2) expenditure within Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: Participants aged 50 years and over participated in the Living Condition, Health and Resilience among the Elderly study. Frailty was assessed using a 30-item Frailty Index (FI). The association between frailty and self-reported health service utilisation was analysed for general practitioners (GPs), specialists, overnight hospitalisations, traditional practitioners and self-medication. Expenditure over the previous month included consulting, medications, hospitalisations and total expenditure. Results: Among participants [n = 860, mean age (SD) = 61.8 (9.7) years, 42.9% female], 60.0% were frail, 22.8% pre-frail and 17.2% robust. The mean (SD) FI was 0.28 (0.17). Increased health service utilisation was associated with frailty for GP attendance, traditional practitioners and self-medication but not specialists or overnight hospitalisation. Pre-frailty and frailty were associated with increased total health service expenditure, with frailty also associated with aggregate consulting costs and medications. Conclusions: Although frailty is associated with health service utilisation and expenditure in a variety of contexts, the study results suggest that such impacts may vary across the globe. The experience of frailty in LICs is likely to differ from that experienced elsewhere due to cultural traditions, attitudes to the health system, and accessibility, with more research needed.
Asymmetric Effects of Real Exchange Rate on Trade Balance in Cote d’Ivoire: Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL Approach
(Redfame, 2021-04-19) Keho, Yaya
This paper analyses the effects of real exchange rate on the trade balance in Cote d’Ivoire using times series from 1975 to 2017. Although many studies have investigated this issue, most of them assume that this relationship is symmetric. This paper relaxes this assumption employing the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model by Shin, Yu and Greenwood-Nimmo (2014). The results show that trade balance responds stronger to negative shocks in real exchange rate than to positive ones in the long-run, while the short-run response of trade balance is symmetric.
Determinants of Trade Balance in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU): Evidence from heterogeneous panel analysis
(Taylor & Francis, 2021-09-03) Keho, Yaya
This study investigates the determinants of the trade balance in West African and Monetary Union (WAEMU) over the period 1975–2017. We employ the Mean Group (MG) estimator along with the grouped mean version of Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) to deal with both endogeneity and cross-country heterogeneity. The results reveal that the trade balance is negatively related to domestic and foreign income whereas real effective exchange rate depreciation improves the trade balance in the long-run. However, the results do not confirm the short-run worsening of trade balance suggested by the J-curve. In the short-run, the trade balance is sensitive only to foreign real income but not to domestic income and real exchange rate. The country-level estimates show heterogeneity in the response of the trade balance to real exchange rate, domestic and foreign income. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that policies aimed at improving the trade balance should focus on the domestic production of imported goods, rather than devaluation.
Effects of Real Exchange Rate on Trade Balance in Cote d’Ivoire: Evidence from Threshold Nonlinear ARDL Model
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2021-06-17) Keho, Yaya
The objective of this paper is to shed new light on the nonlinear relationship between real exchange rate changes and trade balance in Cote d’Ivoire. In examining this issue, previous studies have relied on the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model developed by Shin et al. (2014) where real exchange rate is decomposed into partial sum of positive and negative changes. They fail to examine the response of the trade balance to extreme changes in the real exchange rate. In order to investigate possible sign and size-dependence in the response of the trade balance to exchange rate, this study uses multiple threshold nonlinear ARDL modeling. The approach is implemented using annual data covering the period 1975-2017. The results reveal that the effects of changes in real exchange rate are asymmetric in both time horizons. More specifically, real exchange rate appreciations deteriorate the trade balance while real depreciations improve it. Further, the effect of large depreciations is higher when compared with large appreciations
Pan-African banks, banking interconnectivity: A new systemic risk measure in the WAEMU
(Elsevier, 2021-07-04) Saidane, Dhafer; Sène, Babacar; Kanga, Kouamé Désiré
This paper examines the existence of potential systemic risk in the banking sector of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) by using hand-collected bank-level data from all WAEMU countries for 2000–2017. One original aspect of our paper is the estimation of probabilities of default, in conjunction with the CIMDO method (Consistent Information Multivariate Density Optimizing) and the use of clustering techniques. We find that most of the banks have a very low probability of default, but there is a high joint probability of default for most pairs of banks. Therefore, there are seeds of systemic risk in the WAEMU: if the financial strength of large banking groups deteriorates, there could be contagion effects that could weaken the union. The use of quantile estimation has helped to determine banks’ characteristics that may explain the systemic risk.
REAL EXCHANGE RATE AND TRADE BALANCE DYNAMICS IN COTE D’IVOIRE
(Econjournals, 2021) Keho, Yaya
This study examines the relationship between real exchange rate and trade balance in Cote d’Ivoire during the period from 1975 to 2017. The study employs the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) in the examination of this nexus. Cointegration analysis and error correction modeling are used to determine the long run as well as short run dynamics, between real exchange rate and trade balance. The empirical results show negative and significant effects of domestic income on trade balance both in the short and long run. Further, a depreciation of real exchange rate causes an improvement in the trade balance in a significant way both in the short and long run. This suggests that exchange rate variations are effective for increasing balance of trade for Cote d’Ivoire.

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Browsing Applied Social Science / Education by Subject "École Nationale Supérieure de Statistique et d'Economie Appliquée d'Abidjan (ENSEA)"

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