Trends in extrapulmonary TB cases at three teaching hospitals in Ghana, 2008–2017
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Date
2021-03-21
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Publisher
Public Health Actio
Abstract
SETTING: Three teaching hospitals in Ghana.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate trends in demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) patients.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective study involving the review and comparison of EPTB and pulmonary TB (PTB) data from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 in TB registers and treatment cards.
RESULTS: Of 15,392 TB cases, 4607 (30%) were EPTB, including 4477/4607 (97%) new cases. There were 2,679/4607 (58%) males and the age range was 0.3 to 96 years. Pleural TB (1021/4607, 22%) was the most common. Treatment success rates for EPTB and PTB were respectively 72% and 84%. HIV positivity was high among patients with disseminated/miliary TB (429/779, 55%) and TB meningitis (242/526, 46%). To note, disseminated/miliary TB (χ2 = 33.53, P < 0.0001) increased, whereas TB meningitis (χ2 = 19.43, P < 0.0001) decreased over the 10-year period. Mortality among EPTB patients was associated with increasing age (25 years), disseminated/miliary TB, TB meningitis and HIV positivity.
CONCLUSIONS: There is male preponderance for both EPTB and PTB in Ghana. Increasing age, disseminated/ miliary TB, TB meningitis and HIV are risk factors for mortality among EPTB patients. This emphasises the need for public education on the risk factors for EPTB and preventive strategies
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Keywords
EPTB, TB register, retrospective study, treatment outcomes, WACCBIP, A. Abrahams, B. Bonfoh, R. Kazwala, J. Zinsstag,, K. K. Addo
Citation
doi: 10.5588/pha.20.0061.